The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331EFFECT OF SKIPPING ONE IRRIGATION DURING DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF MICRONUTRIENTS ON ROSELLE (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA, L.) PLANTS AND SOME WATER RELATIONS IN HEAVY CLAY SOILS124276810.21608/jsas.2016.2768ENJournal Article20160301Water considers the most important component of life, it is rapidly
becoming a critically short commodity for humans and crop production.
Drought is one of the major a biotic stresses in agriculture worldwide. In order
to study the effect of water stress (skipping one irrigation at vegetative,
flowering and fruits formation growth stages) in comparison with traditional
irrigation in addition to foliar application of chelated iron , zinc , manganese
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">and their combination on growth , productivity of dark roselle (</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Hibiscus</span></span></em>
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><em>sabdariffa</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">, L.) plants and some water relations under surface irrigation</span></span>
system. Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of
Sakha Horticulture Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during the
summer seasons of 2014 and 2015. The results revealed that skipping one
irrigation at any of the three studied stages significantly reduced all the tested
growth parameters and yield production as compared with unstressed plants
(control). However, subjecting roselle plants to water stress at flowering stage
had the most negative effect on growth parameters and yield production. On
the other hand, water stress had a stimulating effect on chemical composition
(total anthocyanin, T.S.S, acidity%, pH and T.S.S acidity ratio). The present
study also indicated that foliar application of chelated Fe ,Zn, Mn and
combination among them had a positive effect on growth parameters, yield
and chemical composition but chelated Zn application surpassed the other
nutrients in counteracted the deleterious effects of stress on chemical
composition. Application of chelated Fe+ Zn + Mn showed the significant
increasing in calyxes yield/fed, fibers yield/fed and seeds yield/fed. Also, the
highest overall mean values for seasonal amount of water applied,
consumptive use, water productivity and productivity of irrigation water for all
plant organs were recorded under traditional irrigation. Meanwhile, the lowest
overall mean values were recorded under water stress treatments and the
amount of water saving is 8.89%. Concerning, micronutrients as foliar
application, the highest overall mean values were recorded under application
of chelated (Fe+Zn+Mn) in comparison with non-application and application
every nutrient as alone. Regarding, consumptive use efficiency, the highest
mean values were recorded under skipping one irrigation at vegetative growth
stage, but the lowest were recorded under traditional irrigation. Also, the
highest values were recorded under foliar application treatment (Fe+Zn+Mn)
comparing with non- application and application every nutrient as alone .This
study can be concluded that skipping one irrigation at vegetative growth stage
when cultivated roselle plants under studying region with chelated ( Fe+ Zn+
Mn) foliar application which counteracted the deleterious effects of stress and
chelated Zn foliar application only to increase chemical component
.Nevertheless, reduction in yield offset saving nearly 9% of water applied.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DISCARDED DATE PALM ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF NILE TILAPIA FINGERLINGS (Oreochromis niloticus)2540276910.21608/jsas.2016.2769ENJournal Article20160301This work was carried out in fish Research laboratory, Department of
Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Shiekh University. The
feeding experiments dated from September until December 2014, feeding
experiment was conducted for 12 weeks to study the effect of using different
levels (0, 25, 50,75 and 100%) of discarded date with wheat bran (DDPW) on
growth performance, efficiency of feed utilization, and preliminary economical
evaluation of Nile tilapia (<em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">0. niloticus</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">) fingerlings. A total of 225 fish with</span></span></span>
average initial body 14.4 g, were randomly stoked into 15 aquaria (15 in
each). Fish in all treatments were daily fed the experimental diets at a level of
3% of the fish biomass until<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">the end of the experiment</span></span><span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">. </span></span></span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">The feed amount was</span></span></span>
given at two times daily, six days a week for 12 weeks. The results showed
that all growth performance parameters and feed utilization values of the
experimental fish were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by increasing the
level of DDPW in the diets. Diet contained 100% DDPW was significantly
lower (P>0.05) for all the growth performance parameters as compared with
the other treatments.<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">The group fed the control diet (100% yellow corn)</span></span>
recorded the highest values while those fed the diet containing 100% DDPW
recorded the lowest values while, those fed diets containing 25, 50 and 75 %
DDPW had significantly lower growth performance as compared with the
control diet (100% yellow corn).
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Economically, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">the change (%) in feed cost/Kg</span></span>
gain increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing the level of DDPW in
the diets.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331ANALYSIS OF HALF DIALLEL CROSS FOR SOME QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)4155277010.21608/jsas.2016.2770ENJournal Article20160301The present study was carried out at the experimental farm of the Rice
Research and Training Center (RRTC)., Sakha, kafrelsheikh, during 2014 and
2015 rice growing seasons to study the inheritance of some quantitative
characters using a half diallel cross among eight rice parental genotypes
namely; Sakha 102, Giza 179, Sakha 105, Sakha 106, GZ 8710, GZ 1368,
Wab 56 and IET 1444. The parents and their F<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">1 </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">crosses were evaluated under</span></span>
normal and stress irrigation. Days to heading, plant height, flag leaf Area,
chlorophyll content, relative water content, panicle length, number of
panicles/plant, 100-kernel weight, sterility percentage and grain yield/plant
were estimated. Highly significant mean squares were obtained for genotypes,
parents and their crosses in all studied characters. The interactions of
genotypes, parents and crosses with environments (irrigation) were detected
to be highly significant for studied traits. Mean squares of general combining
ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) and the interaction between
environment and each of GCA and SCA were highly significant for all studied
characters, indicating the importance of additive and non-additive genetic
variances in determining the performance of these characters. The parental
genotypes; Giza 179 and GZ 8710 were good combiners for panicles
numbers/plant, 100-grain weight, sterility percentage and grain yield / plant.
The crosses; (GZ 1368 × IET 1444), (Giza 179 × GZ 8710), (Sakha 102 × IET
1444) and (Giza 179 × Sakha 106) were superior on the basis of specific
combining ability effect.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331A study on the effect of different zinc fertilizer levels on rice grain quality traits5870277110.21608/jsas.2016.2771ENJournal Article20160301A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different zinc
fertilizer levels on rice grain quality traits at the Experimental Farm of Rice
Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during
the two growing seasons of 2011 and 2012. Seven rice cultivars (Sakha 102,
Sakha 105, Sakha 106, Giza 177, Giza 178, Giza 179, Giza 182 besides
Hybrid 1) were used and evaluated under four Zinc fertilization rates, (0, 50,
100 and 150%) of the recommended rate (10 kg Zn So<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">4</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">/fed).</span></span>
The results revealed that there were significant differences among tested
cultivars in respect to all studied characters. This was expected due to their
completely different in genetic background.
Increasing zinc level up to 150% of the recommended rate mostly
affects all rice grain quality (dimention, milling recovery, cooking and eating
quality characters) in the two seasons of study.
Meanwhile, the results indicated that the interaction between rice cultivars and
zinc levels was significant in most cases, except grain shape, hulling (%), and
gelatinization temperature in the two seasons of study.
From another point of view, the results revealed that decreasing zinc
level fertilizer dose to 50% of the recommended did not affect the mean
values of most of studied characters in case of Giza 178 followed by Sakha
105 and Sakha 106 in the two seasons. This result indicated that these three
cultivars could be recommended as low input cultivarsThe National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331EFFECT OF SEEDING RATES ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF TWO BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS7181277210.21608/jsas.2016.2772ENJournal Article20160301Two field experiment were conducted in 2012/13 and 2013/14
growing seasons at Faculty of Agricultural– Kafrelsheikh University to study
the effect of four seeding rates on yield and yield components of two bread
wheat cultivars. This study was laid out in a split plot design with three
replications. Wheat cultivars, Sids 12 and Misr 1 were allocated in the main
plots. The four seeding rates, 200, 250, 300 and 350 seeds/m<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2 </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">were randomly</span></span>
assigned in the sub plots. The studied trait were: days to heading, days to
maturity, grain filling period, grain filling rate, plant height, flag leaf area,
number of spikes/m<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">, 1000 -kernel weight, number of kernels/spike, grain</span></span>
yield, straw yield and harvest index. The results indicated that Misr 1 recorded
the highest values for days to heading and maturity, grain filling rate, plant
height, number of spikes/m<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2 </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">and straw yield. Meanwhile Sids 12 had recorded</span></span>
the highest values for 1000-kernel weight and harvest index. Lower seeding
rates increased number of days to heading and maturity, flag leaf area, 1000-
kernel weight, number of kernels/spike and harvest index. Increases of
seeding rate increased plant height, number of spikes/m<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">, grain and straw</span></span>yields.
Differences due to interaction between seeding rates and cultivars
were significant for number of days to heading in 2013/14 and highly
significant for plant height and number of spikes/m<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">, and significant for grain</span></span>
yield, straw yield and harvest index in 2012/13 growing season.
Misr 1 recorded the highest values for number of days to heading with
200 seeds/m<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">, and the tallest plant with 350 seeds/m</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">, also both Sids 12 and</span></span>
Misr 1 recorded the highest number of spikes/m<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2 </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">and grain yield with 350</span></span>seeds/m<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">. Misr 1 produced the higher straw yield of 350 seeds/m</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">. Misr 1</span></span>recorded the highest harvest index with 200 seeds/m<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2 </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">without significant</span></span>
different with Sids 12 at 350 seeds/m<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">.</span></span>The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331EVALUATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE AND HETEROSISE OF SOME ROOT CHARACTERS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)8297277310.21608/jsas.2016.2773ENJournal Article20160301The present investigation was conducted at the Rice Research and
Training Center (RRTC),Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt, during 2014 and 2015
growing seasons to evaluate some root characters of some rice genotypes for
drought and well-watered conditions and determination of heterosis of some
root characters in rice (<em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Oryza sativa, L</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">.) in relation to drought tolerance.</span></span>
Preliminary analysis of variance showed that genotypes were differently
influenced by sowing conditions. Growth rate (g day<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">¯</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">¹) differed significantly</span></span>
among the genotypes studied. The genotype, Nerica4 had much greater
growth rate than other genotypes under study.
It was clear that drought stress reduced total root length for all five genotypes.
Root volume differentially decreased to a range from 24.53to 19.17 under
drought condition. Numbers of total roots were significantly different under the
two sowing conditions. Under well watered, the number of roots increased as
compared with drought condition. In addition, analysis of variance showed
that root dry weight was higher at the well watered compared to drought,
meantime root to shoot ratio decreased under drought. The highest values
were recorded under well watered condition.
The magnitude of heterosis manifested over mid parent and better
parents are presented. Highly significant estimates of heterosis as a deviation
from mid parent and better parent were exhibited in all studied crosses for
growth rate (g day<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">¯</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">¹) and root length (cm) under normal and drought</span></span>
conditions crosses for growth rate (g day<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">¯</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">¹) and root length (cm) are desirable</span></span>
for drought tolerance in rice.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331GENETICAL ANALYSIS AND DETECTION FOR WIDE COMPATIBILITY TRAITS OF SOME RICE GENOTYPES UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITIONS99125277410.21608/jsas.2016.2774ENJournal Article20160301The present study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Sakha
Agricultural Research Station, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during 2012 and
2013 rice growing seasons to study the genetical analysis and detection of
wide compatibility traits in some lines as well as to extent combining ability,
gene action and three types of heterosis i.e. heterosis over better-parent (BP),
mid-parent heterosis (MP) and standard heterosis for traits : yield and its
components in some lines to improveme and utilize for some lines in hybrid
rice production. The experiment comprised twenty two cross progenies
derived from two varieties/lines namely; Giza 177 (Japonica) and Giza 182
(Indica) as female parents with 11 lines as pollinated parents (testers) namely;
Yabni M55, Giza 178, Improved Sabramati, Yen Geng 135, TNAU 6464,
TNAU 831358, TNAU 831399, IR47686-18-6-1, Millie, 85040-TR 853-4-1 and
Pecos, were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with
three replications. The results showed that the analysis of variance of
combining ability revealed significant differences among parents, crosses and
line x tester interaction for all the traits. The ratio of K<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2 </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">GCA / K</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2 </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">SCA was</span></span>
more than unity for days to heading, plant height, number of panicles/plant,
panicle length, number of spikelets/panicle, pollen fertility percentage, spikelet
fertility percentage, number of filled grains/panicle, 1000 – grain weight and
grain yield, indicated the preponderance of additive gene effects in the
expression of these traits. The rice varieties; Yabni M55, Giza 178, TNAU
831358, IR47686-18-6-1, Millie and Pecos showed highly spikelet fertility (>
70%) when they were crossed with japonica and indica testers, indicated that
these lines can be identified as wide compatible genotypes. Moreover, the
crosses of Giza 177 X Giza 178 and Giza 177 X Pecos were the best specific
combiner for grain yield and 1000–grain weight. The parental lines proved to
be utilized in hybrid rice development and production. The F<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">1 </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">hybrid</span></span>
combinations showed highly significant and significant values in three types of
heterosis for all traits studied except pollen and spikelet fertility percentage.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331PERFORMANCE OF SOME EGYPTIAN RICE VARIETIES FOR SOME AGRONOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS127135277510.21608/jsas.2016.2775ENJournal Article20160301The research work was carried out at Experimental Farm of Rice
Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr EL-Sheikh Egypt, during
two successive rice seasons 2014 and 2015 to study the behaviour of nine
tested genotypes which differs mainly in their growth duration and relationship
between growth duration and cropping intensification in Egypt. Also, to study
the performance of some Egyptian rice varieties for some agronomical and
physiological traits. Analysis of variance indicated that genotypes under study
were significantly different in all studied traits. Based on days to heading, data
obtained revealed that short durations rice varieties such as Sakha105 and
Sakha102 could be a pertinent use for cropping intensification and ensured a
third crop with a short duration period like vegetable crops or save the area
after rice to raise onion seedlings which are grown in 1.5 months.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331PERFORMANCE OF SOME PROMISING EGYPTIAN RICE GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFRENET LOCATIONS137152277610.21608/jsas.2016.2776ENJournal Article20160301Multilocation and on stations trials were conducted during 2013 and
2014 to evaluate the performance of twelve rice genotypes under three
locations; Sakha (Kafer El-Sheikh Governorate), Gemmiza (El-GharbiaGovernorate) and Zarzoura (El-BehiraGovernorate). The experiments wereconducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications.
Combined analysis of variance among the different locations was done.
The results obtained showed highly significant differences among rice
genotypes, locations, and genotypes by locations interaction. The rice
genotypes recorded the highest values of grain yield at Gemmiza location,
surpassing significantly the other two locations. These results indicate that the
studied genotypes responded differently to the different environmental
conditions suggesting the importance of evaluation of genotypes under
different environments in order to identify the best genetic make up for a
particular environment. The rice genotypes GZ9523-2-1-1-1, Giza 179 and
Sakha 101 recorded the highest values of grain yield under the three
locations, of Sakha, Gemmiza and Zarzoura during 2013 and 2014 seasons
compared with the other genotypes, indicating that those genotypes have a
good adaptation under different environments conditions.
Concerning the grain quality characters among the three locations, all
characters were not affected significantly in both seasons, but the differences
among genotypes were significant. Stem borer infestation was affect by
location and genotype while, rice blast infection differed significantly among
rice genotypes. The highest values of infection of rice genotypes to stem
borer were observed at Gemmiza location compared with the other two
locations. Sakha101 was resistance to stem borer while, Giza177, Sakha105,
Giza179, GZ9461-4-2-3-1, GZ9577-4-1-1, GZ9626-2-1-1 and GZ9807-6-3-2-1
were moderate resistance. On the other hand, Sakha106, GZ7576-10-3-2-1
and GZ9523-2-1-1-1 were moderate susceptible. However, Giza178 was
susceptible to stem borer. Most of rice genotypes under study were resistant
to rice blast, except Sakha 101 cultivar, which was highly susceptible under
different locations in the two seasons.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331ROLE OF RESISTANCE (YRS) GENES TO PUCCINIA STRIIFORMIS IN FIVE BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS SUSCEPTIBLE AND VALIDATION BY MOLECULAR MARKERS IN ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE154168278110.21608/jsas.2016.2781ENJournal Article20160301Wheat stripe rust, caused by<em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">, is one of</span></span>the most destructive diseases of wheat in the world. Emergence of new race ofthe pathogen in Egypt at last decades, spread of those races pose effect at to
wheat production in Egypt, has required assemblage of a broad genetic base ofresistance. Five ten crosses between<em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Yr5, Yr10 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Yr15 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">and each of Sids 12,</span></span>Sids 13, Gemmeiza 10, Gemmeiza 11, and Sakha 93, were performed. Results
indicated that the five varieties parents exhibited high susceptible reactionagainst stripe rust at seedling and adult stage, on the other hand monogeniclines exhibited high resistance. While crosses against stripe rust at seedling
and adult stages proved that plant segregation<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">F1 </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">plants of the five ten</span></span>crosses having<em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Yr5, Yr10 and Yr15, </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">were resistant and exhibited low stripe rust</span></span>reaction (0 - 0, and 1) at seedling stage and low stripe rust severity ranged
between(0, 10R and 10MR ) at adult stage. The result of<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">F2 </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">plants reaction</span></span>exhibited wide range of stripe rust reaction (0 to 9) at seedling stage andseverity ranged between (0 to 80S) at adult stage but the direction was in the
side resistance and this confirmed the results of F1. This result confirmed thepresence of resistant gene in thesegregations of the resulted crosses andverified that a single dominant pair gene controls stripe rust resistance at adultstages. Resistance gene of the F<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">2 </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">was expression performance to resistance</span></span>genes to<em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Yr 5, Yr 10 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Yr 15</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">, those tolerant to yellow rust introgressive lines</span></span>could be widely used as donors of stability in practical selection of bread wheat.Using the molecular marker method,<em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Yr10 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">In this study, we used the primer</span></span>
Xpsp3000 to identify markers linked to yellow rust resistance genes. In thisrespect, specific DNA segment of 52 individual of F2 have linked with primerXpsp3000 260-bp band. The rest 18 individuals did not linked with the primer
Xpsp3000. Segregation in F2 of individual which, reacted with the primerYrSTS/7, 8 and shown in this respect, specific DNA segment of 58 individual ofF2 have linked with primer YrSTS/7, 8 439-bp band. The rest 21 individuals did
not link with the primer YrSTS/7, 8. These markers provide an important tool toplant breeders for marker-aided wheat breeding and also for pyramidingresistance genes in the absence of distinguishable rust virulence'sThe National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGAR BEET AS AFFECTED BY SOWING DATE, NITROGEN LEVEL AND FOLIAR SPRAYING WITH CALCIUM170188278210.21608/jsas.2016.2782ENJournal Article20160301Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of
Sakha Agric. Res. Station at the two successive growing seasons of
2013/2014 and 2014/2015 to study the effect of planting date, nitrogen level
and foliar spraying with calcium on yield and quality of sugar beet. Split – split
plot design was used in both seasons. Main plots contained the two sowing
dates (on 20 September, 18 October 2013 in the first season and on 25
September, 29 October in the second season) and three nitrogen levels (80,
90 and 100 kg N/fad.) were arranged in sub-plot whereas, the two calcium
rates (0 and 2 g/l.) were randomly distributed in sub– sub –plots. All
treatments were replicated three replications. Important findings could be
summarized as follows:
Resulted indicated that sowing sugar beet at early sowing date (on
September) significantly increased root dimension, root/top ratio, top yield as
well as root, sugar yields and extractability%.
Application of nitrogen at the rate of 100 N/fad. significantly increased
both root dimension, top, root and sugar yields. On the other hand, increasing
N rate up to 100 kg N/fad. tended to decrease both root/top ratio, purity%,
TSS% as well as sucrose and sugar losses in molas percentages.
Foliar spraying with calcium significantly affected root dimensions,
top, root and sugar yields as well as extractability% and TSS%.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331RESPONSE OF ADHATODA VASICA L.GROWN IN DIFFERENT SOILS TO SOME FERTILIZATION TREATMENTS216239278410.21608/jsas.2016.2784ENJournal Article20160301Pots experiment was carried out at Farm of Fac. Agric. Kafrelsheikh
Univ. during 2013 and 2014 seasons to study the effect of soil type (clayey
and clay+ sand (2:1v/v), some fertilization treatments (T1- control (NPK full
dose ), T2- 75%NPK dose +5%FYM(from soil dry weight in pot), T3- 50%NPK
dose +10%FYM, T4- 25%NPK dose + 5%FYM+2g/l active dry yeast (ADY)
+200ppm ascorbic acid (AA), T5- 5%FYM+ 2g/l ADY+300ppm salicylic acid
(SA),T6- 5%FYM+ 2g/l ADY+300ppm AA, T7- 2g/l ADY+300ppm of each SA
or AA, T8- 10%FYM+2g/l ADY, T9- 10%FYM+200ppm of each SA or AA and
T10- 10%FYM+1g/l ADY+200ppm of each SA or AA) and their interaction on
the vegetative growth and chemical composition of
<em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Adhatoda vasica..</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">The</span></span>
obtained data can be summarized as follows: Effect of soil type 1- The
planting in clayey soil resulted in higher values of plant height, number of
shoots/plant, main stem diameter, plant leaf area and fresh and dry weights of
aerial parts and roots/ plant in the two seasons, except for the pant height in
the first season, and the differences between clayey and clay +sand (2:1)did
not reach the significant level in case of shoot number, main steam diameter
and plant leaf area in the first season also , in case of plant height in the
second season. 2- The planting in clay +sand (2:1) gave higher significant
values of leaf green color degree in the first season and total carbohydrates in
the both seasons .While the plants cultured in clayey soil had higher values of
N,P, and K% in the two seasons and the difference between the two used
soils did not reach the significant level in case of N and P% in the second
season only. For the effect of fertilization treatments: 1-Higher significant
values of plant height resulted from T8 in the first season and T9 in the
second one, shoots number/plant were recorded for T2 in the first season and
T1,T2,T3and T9in the second season, main stem diameter resulted from T4 in
the first season and T3in the second one, higher plant leaf area was recorded
for T3 in the first season and T2 and T3 in the second one and the fresh and
dry weights of aerial parts and roots resulted from applying T3in the two
seasons. 2- The fertilization with T1in the first season and T2 in the second
one resulted in higher values of leaf green color degree and applying T3
caused significant increases in total carbohydrates, N, P and K% in the both
seasons. Concerning interaction between soil type and fertilization treatments,
data showed that the planting in either clayey soil or clay +sand (2:1) soil and
fertilization with treatments contain NPK at different percentages combined by
FYM at different levels caused significant increases in the most growth and
chemical parameters investigated in the both seasons.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331THE DIMENSIONS OF THE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL WOMEN IN SOME VILLAGES AT KAFR EL-SHEIKH GOVERNORAT241259278610.21608/jsas.2016.2786ENJournal Article20160301This research was conducted in order to identify the dimensions of theeconomic empowerment of rural women as a main objective, this goal hasbeen achieved through three sub-objectives: the first was identifying thedimensions of the economic empowerment of rural women regarding: genderequality, income development & rationalization of expenditure skills andeconomic insecurity, and the second was to identify the relative importance ofthe dimensions of economic empowerment, and the third was to determinethe differences between the two categories of the respondents regarding eachdimensions according to some nominal independent variables.To achieve these goals three districts from Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, andone village from each district has been selected randomly: el-morabeen (Kafr
El-Sheikh), Kafr magar (Desouk), and Abshan (Bella) with a total sampleamounted by 270 respondents. Data were collected by using questionnairethrough personal interview after conducting pre-test, and some statistical
methods were used such as frequencies, and the arithmetic mean and(t-test)to analyze the data. The most important results were as follows :<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">The relative importance of the three dimensions of the economic</span></span>
empowerment of respondents arranged according to the weightedmean as follows: income development & rationalization ofexpenditure skills in the first, followed by the gender equality, insecond and finally economic security .
·<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">The level of Income development & the rationalization of expenditure,</span></span>and economic security has been ranged between a high and medium, while it was ranged between medium and high for the genderequality
There were significant differences between respondents regardingeconomic security and the total of three-dimensional whencategorized according to: the adequacy of family income,unemployment among the family members , the existence of incomegeneratingactivities, the work status of the respondents, and thefamily independency on the salary of the husband alone<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">.There were significant differences between respondents regarding:</span></span>income development and rationalization of expenditure skill whencategorized according to: the adequacy of income, the existence ofincome-generating activities, the family independency on the salary ofthe husband alone and finally the existence of individuals under theage of working family
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">There were significant differences between respondents in the degree</span></span>of gender equality when categorized according to how the familydepending on the salary of the wife only.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331EFFECT OF USING THE EXTENSION MEETINGS ON KNOWLEDGE OF RURAL Women IN THE FIELD OF FOOD AND NUTRITION IN GHARBIA GOVERNORATE260272283710.21608/jsas.2016.2837ENJournal Article20160301This research aims mainly to identify the effect of using the extensionmeetings on knowledge of rural women in the field of food and nutrition; andto identify some of the personal characteristics of special rural women<br /> respondents, and to achieve the objectives of the research, it was follow theexperimental Approach using the design (two measurements pre and post), tothe one experimental group to identify the effect of using four forms of the<br /> extension meetings on the rural women respondents in the field of food andnutrition, the experimental design includes planning and implementation of thefour forms of extension meetings. The first of them was an extension meeting<br /> implemented by specialist of food and nutrition, the second of them was anextension meeting implemented by the extensionists of rural development,third of them is n extension meeting with an extension aid, fourth of them was<br /> an extension meeting without an extension aid. This research was conductedin Gharbia Governorate. The population of the research included of all ruralwomen in Gharbia Governorate. It was chosen as intentional sample of rural<br /> women whom frequent on the extension centers, where chosen four centersas intentional sample from the seventeen extension centers in GharbiaGovernorate, because they are known with activity among the agricultural<br /> extension centers in the Governorate, they are namely; Shony extensioncenter, Meet ghazal extension center, El-Segaiea extension center, and Ebyarextension center. Where the extension meetings were scheduling andadvertised among rural women before their implementation sufficient time, thenumber of rural women whom attending extension meetings in each extensioncenters amounted to 28, 21, 29, and 27 of rural women, respectively, so, thesample size amounted to 105 respondents., data were collected by aquestionnaire by personal interview with the respondents during the month of<br /> August 2015. Accordingly been met 105 form, representing 100% of the targetsample, data were, encoding and discharged, it has been using theescriptive analysis methods to display data such as frequencies ,<br /> percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T- test, coefficient of alphaconstant, and multiple regression of step wise to analyze data statistically .The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES ON SOME RURAL SOCIAL VALUES OF RURAL YOUTH (CASE STUDY IN THE VILLAGE OF MENIA SHIBIN ALGUENATR- QALIUBIYA)273289283810.21608/jsas.2016.2838ENJournal Article20160301The study aimed at identifying the benefits, advantages, disadvantages ,and social impact of social network sites ,2) measuring the degree ofconsistency of some rural values among rural youth, as well as estimatingthe decomposition ratio of some rural values among rural youth who holdingrural values and who are not, identifying the correlates and determinants ofpersonal, Social, and communicational variables on the degree of valueconsistency. To achieve those goals, the study used descriptive andquantitative approaches by using survey schedule on a sample of 170 of rural
youth (18-40 yrs.)The results displayed the forms of social network on the Internet, theirbenefit, advantages, and disadvantages. The results of the study haveshowed also measurement building procedures for 13 rural value, and
constructing the total scores of the dependent composite index, identifying thegaps of values through decomposing the influence of these sites on thevalues.The main results have showed that, the most important independentvariables affecting the degree of rural values are the number of hours of dailyuse of the internet, the number of years of participation by and profession, andfinally the number of networking sites online that shared by the respondent.
They all together explain about 87% of the variation in the degree of thevalues. The study concludes a general discussion of its results andrecommended some implications for the policy- makers.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331SOME PERSONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL VARIABLES AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGENTS' ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION IN GHARBIA GOVERNORATE290303283910.21608/jsas.2016.2839ENJournal Article20160301This study aimed mainly to identify the achievement motivation of villagelevelagricultural extension agents in Gharbia governorate; and to determinevariables correlated and those affecting the achievement motivation of villagelevel
agricultural extension agents in Gharbia governorate. Seven hypotheseswere formulated.Field work included the selection of a sample of 170 village level extensionagents. Data were collected from sample persons by group interviews in the
agricultural units at the district capital. Frequencies, percentages, means,Person correlation coefficient, Alpha, and multiple linear regression (stepwise) techniques were used for data analysis and presentation.The main findings of the study could be summarized as follows:-1- About 63.5% of respondents have high level of achievement motivation,
32.4% have medium level, and 4.1% have low level of achievementmotivation.2- There were significant bivariate relationships at level 0.05 of significancebetween extension experience, in-service training, and achievement
motivation of extension agents. Also there were significant bivariaterelationships at level 0.01 of significance between job satisfaction, mutualcooperation, centralization, reciprocal confidence, shared commitment, jobintegration, and organizational communication, and achievement motivation ofextension agents.3- The personal block of independent variables alone explained about 22.6 %of the variance in achievement motivation of extension agents, and the
organizational block of independent variables alone explained about 29.9% ofthe variance in achievement motivation of extension agents.4- The two blocks of personal and organizational variables, combined,explained about 35.4 % of the variance in achievement motivation ofextension agents.5- It was estimated that the unique effect of the personal block; and theorganizational block is 5.5 %; 12.8 %, of the variance in achievementmotivation of extension agents respectively. Whereas the common effect ofthe two blocks of variables is 17.1 % of the variance in achievementmotivation of extension agents.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331CONTRACT FARMING AND THE EXPECTED ROLE FOR AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION THERE IN FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF FARMER’S POTATOES CROP IN A VILLAGE IN BEHEIRA GOVERNORATE304325284110.21608/jsas.2016.2841ENJournal Article20160301The Main objectives of this research were to<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">identify: </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">the sources of</span></span>information of<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Potatoes Crop Farmers (PCFs) about Contract Farming (CF),</span></span></span>the PCFs opinions in items should be included in the CF for this crop, theorganizations which farmers prefer to contract with them, the degree ofmportance of CF and the reasons for that importance from the viewpoint ofPCFs, the relationship between the degree of importance of CF from theviewpoint of PCFs and the set of independent variables, the expected role ofAgricultural Extension in CF from the viewpoint of PCFs, the problems that
facing the PCFs in the production and marketing of potatoes crop whichjustifies the orientation of contract farming and, finally, the the suggestedsolutions from the viewpoint of PCFs to overcome of these problems.The total population of respondents of all PCFs in village Nkla Alenabin<span style="color: #820000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #820000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #820000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Etay Al Baroud district was </span></span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">2758 farmer, the sample size was determined</span></span></span>according to Krejcie & Morgan equation, it was<span style="color: #820000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #820000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #820000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">338 </span></span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">respondents</span></span></span>Data were collected by personal interview with respondents using aquestionnaire designed and pre-tested for the purposes of the research.Percentages, Range, Frequencies, Pearson's correlation coefficient wereused for data presentation and analysis.The most important results of the research could be summarized asfollows:- 91.4% of the PCFs mentioned that they heared about CF, and 55% of them
depend on Agricultural Extension Agent as source of their information aboutCF.- 80.6%, 51.1%, and 66.3% of the PCFs respectively mentioned that theContracting organization is responsible for the transfering of the crop,
providing of seeds, and<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">determine the crop type</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">, which will be cultivated.</span></span></span>- 37.2% of the PCFs mentioned that prefer to contract with the Developmentand Agricultural Credit Bank.- 77.7% of the PCFs mentioned that the contract farming important for them.- There were significant relationship between the degree of importance of CFfrom the viewpoint of PCFs with the degree of the attitude towards agriculturalextension, the degree of self-development, and the degree of innovativeness.- 47.2 of the PCFs mentioned that is provideing information of marketing it isthe expecting role of agricultural extension in CF.- 61.1% of the PCFs mentioned that the exploitation of traders when buy the
crop is the most important problems that facing them when crop marketing.- 57.6% of the PCFs mentioned that marketing through agriculturalcooperatives is the best suggested solutions to solve the problems that facingthem in the production and marketing of potatoes crop.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331A STUDY OF THE FORMS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESEARCH AND EXTENSION IN SOME FIELDS OF REDUCING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN ELBEHERAH AND KAFRELSHEIKH GOVERNORATE327350284210.21608/jsas.2016.2842ENJournal Article20160301This research aims mainly to study the forms of the relationshipbetween research and extension in some areas of reducing the impact ofclimate changes on the agricultural production in Elbeherah and Kafrelsheikhgovernorates. The research had two populations are: 1- The agriculturalextension specialists in both governorates, 2- The agricultural researchers inthe research stations in both governorates.It was selected simple random sample amounted to 150 respondents,represented 34<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">٪ </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">from each population. Data were collected using a</span></span>questionnaire by personal interview with the respondents during Septemberand October 2015.Frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standerdeviation, weighted mean, and both of T& F tests, to analysis datastatistically.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331SUFFERING FROM PROBLEMS AND COMMUNITY SOCIAL BELONGING AMONG FISHERMEN IN LACK BURULLUS351368284310.21608/jsas.2016.2843ENJournal Article20160301There is different meaning of local community, whether material orsymbolic meaning. This paper was conducted to explore the factorial structureof the concept of social belonging as a symbolic meaning, as well as, to
evaluate the goodness of fit of the proposal model. To achieve theseobjectives, a quota sample of 204 fishermen respondents who living aroundthe region of Lack Burullus at spring of 2013 was chosen. A personalinterview technique was used to gather the data. Means, standard deviation,Multiple Liner Regression, and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) withOblimin Rotation were calculated. Results showed that the oblimin rotationyielded three component factors. Those components could be labeled as:community attachment, community loyalty, and community solidarity. The
main two variables in the modified model with the biggest total causal effectwere community attachment, and social participation. It was recommendedthat the personality should be taking into account in the educational programs
at the rural communities, to motivate the felling of social belonging, with afocus on the principle of social participation as the core principle of ruraldevelopment process.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL FISHING BOATS IN ALEXANDRIA GOVERNOURATE369385284410.21608/jsas.2016.2844ENJournal Article20160301The aims of this study are : Financial Anaylsis for mechanical fishingboats in Alexandria Governorate by using Cost Ben Program, which dependson the use of standards of financial and Economic Analysis of Agricultural
Projects, as prepared by the World Bank to be used in judging the profitabilityof mechanical fishing boats and different professions. The study has relied onfield data of a random sample of mechanical fishing boats in Alexandria,collected during the 2015 through a questionnaire by personal interview.Thesample was selected in each given a single equal chance to appear in thesample.The study found:1. Investment costs to Shanchola boats, operated ranked first in terms of
approximately 314.7 thousand pounds, compared with their traction boatsand Alknar and Alsnar where investment costs amounted to about272.5,87.6, and 77.1 thousand pounds, respectively.2. Operating costs Shanchola boats operated ranked first in terms amountedto about 350.97 thousand pounds, compared with their traction boats andAlknar and Alsnar where operating costs amounted to about 295.81,257.09, 245.66 thousand pounds, respectively.3. The average output of Shanchola boats ranked first with an average ofabout 56.6 tons, came in second place boats traction with an averageproduction of about 44.64 tons, followed in the recpectivaly average outputof fish to the Alsnar boats at about 38.78 tons, while the stated averageoutput of fish to the Alknar boats ranked last about 34.04 tons.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331THE OPTIMUM DISTRIBUTION OF FIELD CROPS IN KAFR EL-SHEIKH GOVERNORATE386397284510.21608/jsas.2016.2845ENJournal Article20160301The agricultural sector in Egypt plays an important role to achieve thefood security, as well as surplus which can be exported in return of foreigncurrency and a raw materials to the non-agricultural sector. For this purpose,the study aims mainly at estimating the optimum distribution to the agriculturalfield crops in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate in order to maximize the per feddannet return, and maximizing the per feddan net return of the irrigation unit aswell as minimizing the per feddan irrigation unit. To achieve the stiuaypurpose, a questionnaire as well as secondary data was utilized. Linear
programming technique was also used and the main study results can besummarized as follows:To maximize the per feddan net return and maximize the net return of theirrigation unit in winter crops require increasing the wheat acreage by about8%. This will result in decreasing the acreage of broad bean, clover and sugarbeet by about 10% compared with the present acreage.To maximize the per feddan net return and maximize the net return of theirrigation unit of summer crops require decreasing the acreage of cotton andrice crop by about 10%, 2% respectively and increasing the acreage of cornas well as soybean by about 21% and 1%, respectively.In order to minimize the consumption of irrigation water require decreasing theacreage of cotton and rice crops by about 10% and 13%, respectively andincreasing the acreage of corn crop by about 10% compared with the presentcrop pattern.The crop pattern of the three alternatives to winter and summer crops achieveminimizing the labor, water resources, phosphate and nitrate chemicalfertilizers requirements as well as increasing the per feddan net return and perfeddan net return of the irrigation unit.With the concept of the previous results, the studyrecommends increasing the acreage of wheat and corn crops and decreasethe acreage of rice crop which consumes a lot amount of irrigation waterwhich will be more scarce in the coming years.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE CURRENT AND FUTURE SITUATION OF THE WHEAT PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IN EGYPT398415284610.21608/jsas.2016.2846ENJournal Article20160301The research aimed to study the current and future situation of thewheat production and consumption in Egypt during the period (1995-2014),this objective could be achieved through instrumental objectives: (1)Measuring the impact of the supply response of wheat during the studyperiod. (2) An estimate of the length of periods of production, covering imports
for home consumption of wheat during the study period, forecasting the lengthof these periods. (3) Assessment of the amount of the surplus or deficit inwheat allocated to domestic consumption, which can be added or withdrawn
from the strategic reserves of wheat during the study period and then predictthe amount of the surplus or deficit. (4) An estimate of the desired level ofwheat production in Egypt and compared to actual level during the studyperiod, with this prediction.Results showed: (1) The value of coefficient of elasticity in responsewheat introduced in accordance with the model in both Nerlove short and longterm about 0.14, 0.21, respectively, and this shows that the increase in farm
price by 1% leads to increased acreage by 0.14%, 0.21% in the same orderas annual response coefficient, as well as the time necessary to achieve fullresponse towards 0.669, 1.50 years in the order from the following year. (2)
Increased the food gap wheaten virtual Egypt during the study period, with anannual growth rate of 3%. Increased proportion of self-consumption objectivityof wheat in Egypt during the study period, with an annual growth rate of 1%.
(3) The percentage increase in the length of adequacy of production less thanthe rate of increase in length to cover imports for domestic consumption ofwheat, this indicator is not good in favor of domestic economy, where the ratio
between the length of the adequacy of production to cover imports fordomestic consumption of wheat between a minimum of around 1:0.48 in2009, a maximum of approximately 1:1.37 in 2010, with the average duringthe last five years (2010-2014) is estimated at approximately 1:0.92. (4)Expected to decrease the length of the adequacy of production for domesticconsumption of wheat of about 192.43 days 2015 to nearly about 189.57 daysin 2020, with an average of approximately 191 days, then the estimatedannual attrition rate at length to cover imports for domestic consumption byapproximately 1.49% during the forecast. Also expected to decrease thelength of the insufficient coverage of imports for domestic consumption ofwheat of about 138.33 days in 2015 to nearly about 131.18 days in 2020, with
an average estimated at 134.73 days, then the estimated annual attrition rateat length to cover imports for domestic consumption by about 5.17% duringthe forecast. Which refers to the difficult situation which could face Egypt inthe near future to meet the needs of the population. (5) It is expected to showa deficit in wheat allocated to domestic consumption continued during theperiod (2015-2020), it is expected that the total deficit of about 14.67 milliontons during that period about 274.92 days during the period of the forecast.Thus it is expected that there will be a serious strategic reserves of wheatwhich threatens the food security of Egypt, so the State must take appropriateaction to protect the strategic reserves of wheat on the one hand, and try todevelop. (6) Dropped the actual level of production than desired during mostperiods of study, except for the years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009,2013, the average actual production during the study period by about 7327.60tons, while the average production by about desirable 7512.87 thousand tons,
valued for their nearly 1:1.03 any actual production has grossed about97.53% of desired counterpart during the study period. (11) the expectedincrease in the desired level of wheat production of about 9359.88, 000 tonsto nearly about 10438.73 thousand tons, with an average of about 9891.46thousand tons, estimated the annual growth rate in the desired productionlevel to about 1.83% during the period (2015-2020).The study recommends the following: (1) The need to adopt a newpolicy for the development of local production of wheat in order to increasethe length of insufficient production for domestic consumption and decreasethe period covering imports for home consumption and thus can achieve foodsecurity for Egypt as the ratio adequacy of surplus to a deficit in wheatonsumption is estimated at approximately 1:2.05. (2) The need to achievethe desired level of wheat production in Egypt both Serenade by vertical
expansion on the one hand and horizontal expansion, on the other hand, itrequires increasing average productivity to nearly about 3.08 tons by 2020and increase the cultivated area to nearly about 3.82 million acres by 2020.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331SEASONALITY IN PRICES AND PRODUCTION OF SOME KINDS OF FISH USING MOVING MODELS416428284710.21608/jsas.2016.2847ENJournal Article20160301Fish is one of animal protein sources, compared to the meat price ischeap, as it's more healthy compared to chicken meat, which was hit by birdflu in 2006, causing many consumers leave it and attitude to the alternativemeat represented in fish and descriptive by seasonality, and because ofthe shortage in the models used in time series analysis, the research hasaimed to study time series analysis of prices and the production of sometypes of fish (tilapia, peel whiting, mullet) with autoregressive and integratedmoving Average so that it can reach an accurate predictions as much aspossible, according to the authors of the economic policy in shaping theproductivity policy for those types of fish. The study found the followingresults:
(1)<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">There's a price seasonal between the months at 1% significant level</span></span>for tilapia and non- significant in white peel and mullet, such F ratiowas 10.049, 2.322, 1.317 respectively for the three categories.
(2)<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">There are incidental and seasonal changes in the ingredients, and</span></span>seasonal animated ratio of prices, where it was noted that the seasonalmoving average rate had reached its peak in tilapia during the monthsof October, July, March, April while it was lowest in September,February, and May. As for the white peel has reached its peak inFebruary, followed by November and the March, reached a minimum inthe months September, December, and August. As for the mullet the
ratio was at a maximum in November, followed by months ofDecember and February, respectively. While it was lowest in themonths April, March, October, where the percentage of changes forincidental changes / final seasonal changes of time series for each ofthe tilapia and white peel and mullet was 5.78, 4.23, 3.91, respectively.As the percentage of incidental changes / rotating changes was 1.74,1.15, 1.71 for the three categories, respectively.
(3)<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Predicted an increase in prices by about 26.7%, 33.2%, 14.11% for</span></span>tilapia and white peel and mullet, respectively, during the period (2017-2019).
(4)<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">There's a seasonal production between the months at 1% significant</span></span>level for tilapia and white peel, but didn't significant for the mullet.
(5)<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">There are incidental and seasonal changes in the ingredients changes,</span></span>and production seasonal animation, it was found that the rate ofseasonal move of production has reached its maximum in tilapia duringthe months of September, February, and March while it was lowest inthe months of November, May and October, respectively. As for the
white peel it has reached a maximum in the months of February, Marchnd reached the minimum in the months of December, May,September, respectively. As for the mullet has this ratio reached itspeak in the months of December, March, July, while it was lowest inthe month of April. This has the percentage of incidental changes / final
seasonal time series for each of the tilapia fish and peel whiting andmullet 4.39, 2.45, 3.95, respectively.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331EFFICIENCY AND PROBLEMS FOR USING CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS FOR THE SOME AGRICULTURAL CROPS, IN KAFR EL-DAWAR BEHEIRA GOVERNORATE429443284810.21608/jsas.2016.2848ENJournal Article20160301This study aims to study the problem of fertilizers in the BeheiraGovernorate, through: (1) Statistical estimation for the functions of productionfor crops (potatoes, corn, tomatoes) for Beheira Governorate during2014/2015. 2. Estimation of Technical Efficiency in a way of Farrell Approach,(DEA) Data Envelopment Analysis, according to the concepts of (CRS)
Constant Returns To Scale, and Variable Returns To Scale (VRS), toestimate the Technical Efficiency (TE), and Scale Efficiency (SE), todetermine the factors that lead to increase the Technical Efficiency for thosecrops using the fertilizers. 3. Examine the relative importance of the mainproblems faced the farmers through buying the fertilizers, and proposed
solutions. The study based on field interviews to farmers, through thequestionnaire which collected from the research sample, in addition to thedata of production, consumption and the crop needs of fertilizer issued by theMinistry of Agriculture.Has been conducting of the Cronbach's Alpha test to determineReliability to the variables of production function on production function, thendetermine whether to continue the process of statistical analysis for the data
and obtain estimates of the parameters of the production function of statisticalsignificance or not, has been confirmed the value of the self-honesty forvariables 0.749 potato, 0.602 for corn, 0.820 tomatoes, where shows highvalue and approached the right one on the high degree of self-honesty andThe National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331CHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF OLIVE LEAVES AND SELECTION THE OPTIMUM CONDITIONS FOR EXTRACTION THEIR PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS445459285010.21608/jsas.2016.2850ENJournal Article20160301This work was carried out to evaluate some chemical and nutritionalproperties of olive leaves<em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Olea europaea </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">L. Cv. Kalamata, and investigate the</span></span>optimum conditions for extraction their total phenolic compounds. Chemical
composition and minerals content of whole and boiled leaves weredetermined. Amino acids profile of olive leaves was also estimated. Phenoliccompounds were extracted from the leaves using different solvents anddifferent extraction times. The obtained results revealed that slight variationswere observed between the whole and boiled olive leaves regarding their
contents of crude protein, ether extract and ash contents that amounted inwhole leaves 10.6, 7.9 and 6.8%, while in boiled leaves were 10.7, 8.1 and6.7%, respectively. Olive leaves are a rich source of crude fiber and minerals.Calcium was the predominant element of whole and boiled olive leavesfollowed by potassium. Olive leaves are a good source of iron whichamounted 19.1 and 19.5 mg/100g for whole and boiled olive leaves,respectively. Olive leaves contain all essential amino acids (exceptethionine) in favorable amounts and the total percentage was 57.51g/100gprotein and lysine was the major essential amino acid (17.12%) followed byleucine (8.82%). Computed protein efficiency ratio and computed biologicalvalue of olive leaves protein were higher than those of casein. 70% ethanolfor 8 hrs and boiled water (90<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">o</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">C) for 10 min gave the highest amount of total</span></span>phenolic compounds (38.8 and 39.2 mg galic acid equivalent/g, respectively).There was no certain correlation between increasing of time and the amountof phenolic compounds recovered from olive leaves.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF SUGAR BEET (Beta Vulgaris L.) ROOT EXTRACTS460468285110.21608/jsas.2016.2851ENJournal Article20160301The ability of<em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Beta Vulgaris L. </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">roots to prevent the initiation of free</span></span>radicals that cause cellular damage was investigated<em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">in vitro</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">. The sugar beet</span></span>roots were extracted exhaustively using methanol (SB) or extracted sugar
beet pulp the residue left after sugar extraction – using methanol (SBP). In thereducing power assay, the more anti-oxidant compounds convert theoxidation form of iron (Fe<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">+3</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">) in ferric chloride to ferrous (Fe</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">+2</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">). The reducing</span></span>
power capacity of two extracts were found less than that of vitamin C. Totalpolyphenols capacity (TPC) and total flavonoids capacity (TFC) wereevaluated according to Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetricassays, respectively. In this study, the SB extract has higher than SBP extractin TPC but lower in TFC. Radical scavenging activities of two extracts weretested against DPPH and SOD. (SB) and (SBP) methanolic showed a verylow inhibition (8.17% and 9.75%) comparing to Vitamin C. The maximuminhibition of SOD was 28.65% - 34.97% at 1000<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">μ</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">g/mL for (SB) and (SBP)</span></span>methanolic extracts, respectively.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences2536-957142120160331EFFECT OF USING TOMATO PEELS AS A FAT REPLACER ON THE SENSORY, NUTRITIONAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BEEF BURGER AND SAUSAGES469490285210.21608/jsas.2016.2852ENJournal Article20160301This study was proposed to investigate the effect of using tomato peelsas a fat replacer on the quality of meat products. Chemical composition andminerals content of tomato peels were determined. Identification andquantification of amino acids, fatty acids and phenolic compounds of tomatopeels were performed. Sensory attributes, physical properties and chemicalcomposition of final meat products were also determined. The resultsrevealed that tomato peels contain 7.55% crude protein, 7.25% ether extract,45.64% crude fiber and 5.09% ash. The most predominant elements intomato peels were potassium, magnesium, sodium and calcium followed byiron, manganese, zinc and copper. Tomato peels protein contains high levelsof essential amino acids such as valine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine andisoleucine. The fatty acids profile of tomato peels shows that palmatic andstearic were the predominant saturated fatty acids (33.18 and 30.19%
respectively), while lenoleic (17.65%) was the major unsaturated fatty acid. Itwas identified and quantified 23 phenolic compounds in tomato peels withtotal content 114.34 mg/100g and the major phenolic compounds were evanillic
acid, pyrogallol and chlorogenic acid which valued 24.78, 14.42 and14.07mg/100g, respectively. The dried peels were added to sausages andburger in 5, 10 and 15% as replacement of fat. The results of sensoryevaluation indicated that the meat products contained tomato peels until 15%substitution of fat were acceptable. Also, using tomato peels as a fat replacerdecreased the fat content on the final meat products and increased protein,ash and fiber contents, consequently, the energy value decreased. The effectof using tomato peels up to 15% as a fat replacer on the physical propertiesof tested meat products was remarkable.