ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
GENETICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON SALINITY AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
The field experiments were conducted during 2013 and 2014 growingseasons at Kafrelsheikh University and Rice Research and Training Center(RRTC), Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt, facilities at El-Sirw Agriculture ResearchStation experimental farm, Damietta governorate, Egypt. Eight-parental halfdiallel cross and eight SSR molecular markers were used to determinecombining ability of some common rice genotypes grown under normal,drought and salinity conditions. Analyses of variance were highly significantfor days to heading, plant height, total chlorophyll content, proline content,sodium content, potassium content, Na+/K+ ratio and panicles plant-1, filledgrains panicle
-1 and grain yield plant-1 indicated highly significant differencesamong the studied genotypes for this traits. The estimates of GCA effectsindicated that three rice genotypes i.e. Giza178, A22 and WAB56-125 werethe best general combiners for total chlorophyll content, proline content,sodium content, potassium content, Na+/K+ ratio, panicles plant-1, filled grainspanicle
-1 and grain yield plant-1 under normal, salinity and drought conditions.The estimates of SCA effects indicated that the most desirable hybrids wereSakha105 x A22, Sakha102 x A22 and Sakha104 x Giza178 for totalchlorophyll content, panicles plant
-1 and grain yield plant-1; Giza178 x WAB56-125 for filled grains panicle
-1; Sakha102 x Sakha104 for days to heading;Sakha104 x Sakha105 for plant height. The genetic distance, measured usingSSR markers, differed from 0.00 to 0.79 among the eight genotypes.Microsatellite markers were effective in predicting the mean and the varianceof SCA in various cultivar combinations. In addition, RM223 marker elucidated
the possibility to use it in MAS for salinity and drought tolerance in the studiedrice genotypes according to different alleles.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2856_e456f6908c531050253063eb0f32be55.pdf
2016-07-30
1
23
10.21608/jsas.2016.2856
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
NATURE OF GENE ACTION FOR SOME ECONOMIC CHARACTERS OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) VARIETIES
Knowledge about the mode of gene action of economical traits(which directly contribute towards yield and fruit quality) in any crop liketomato (lycopersicon esculentum L.) helps to formulate the genetic basis forbreeding. Thus, the aim of the present study was to estimate different types ofgene action affecting some characteristics of tomato. For this purpose, fivetomato varieties were used. These varieties were: Advantage 2 (P1), Cherry(P2), Fatma (P3), Edkaway (P4) and Castle Rock (P5). The varieties werecrossed by using complete diallel crosses mating design, in order to produce20 hybrids. All genotypes were evaluated during two seasons for somevegetative traits, fruit characteristics and physiological traits. The data weresubjected to biometrical analysis and the obtained results revealed that themean squares of entries were highly significant for the studied traits, leadingto the further partitioning of genetic variance into its components. Thecombined data over the two seasons showed that additive genetic varianceswere higher than their corresponding values of dominance genetic variancesfor plant height and number of primary branches per plant. On the other hand,values of dominance genetic variances were higher than their correspondingvalues of additive genetic variances for leaf area, fruit characters andchemical traits. Furthermore, heritability in broad sense (h2b%) was 93.15%
for plant height, 85.32% for number of primary branches per plant, 78.68% forleaf area, -92.38% for locules number per fruit, 97.02% for firmness fruit,68.78% for Pericarp thickness, 71.62% for total soluble solids, 81.58% forascorbic acid content and 87.13% for lycopene content. However, heritabilityestimates in narrow sense (h2n%) were more less than the correspondingvalues in all studied traits, indicating that the role of non-additive geneticvariance in the genetic expression of these traits are non-negligible. Thesegenetic parameters could be used in carrying out breeding programs suitablefor Tomato.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2861_6fdd7ef72bb29833b1ac4f6458a2a90b.pdf
2016-06-30
24
33
10.21608/jsas.2016.2861
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SOME TREATMENTS ON THE QUALITY AND LOWRING COOKING TIME OF BROAD BEAN (Vicia faba)
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different treatments onthe hardening procedures as well as to improve the quality of broad bean orhorse bean (Vicia faba L.). Two broad bean or horse bean (Vicia faba L)varieties were seeded in Sakha Agricultural Research Station, A.R.C for 2014season. Three hardening procedures were used {soaking in acetate buffer,pH4.1 at 37°C for 5 h; storage at 37°C 100% relative humidity (RH) for 28days and storage at 31-33°C 76% RH for 120 days} to have seeds in a hardto-cook (HTC) state. The adverse effects of HTC conditions were practicallyeliminated by soaking seeds in salt solutions (1% NaC1 + 0.75% NaHCO3;and 0.75% NaHCO
3) instead of only water. Ultra structural changes ofcotyledon cells from fresh, HTC and softened seeds were observed. Resultsof this study may be used for the development of a technological procedure toutilize properly HTC beans generated by un-efficient storage systems.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2864_677018a11d5aca82a7fb78e36477a987.pdf
2016-06-30
45
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10.21608/jsas.2016.2864
Treatment
Quality
Lowering cooking
broad bean
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF SUPPLEMENTED FOODS WITH FERMENTED CEREALS AND LEGUMES FOR INFANT
The purpose of this study was to nutritionally evaluate supplement foodformulated from fermented maize, peas and soybean. Maize, peas andsoybean were the sole energy and protein sources. Experimental diets consistof dietary basal (A), fermented maize–soybean–pigeon peas 70:15:15 (B),fermented maize–soybean 70:30 (C), fermented maize–pigeon peas 70:30(D) and Nutrend (E) a commercial foods supplement. A commercial product(Nutrend) manufactured by Nestle, Egypt and was used as standard diet. Theformulated food supplement were fed albino rats for 28 days. The results
showed that the average weight gained increased for dietary B, C, D and E(73.8-142.60, 73.8-98.26, 73.8-93.62 and 73.8-91.86, respectively), but diet Acaused a decrease from 73.8 to 62.72 g. Protein qualities of dietary samples
including biological value (BV; 94.26 and 98.67), true digestibility (TD; 72.55-80.46), net protein utilization (NPU; 71.72-76.53), protein efficiency ratio(1.63-3.49), feed efficiency (0.16-0.35), net protein ratio (2.49-4) and proteinretention efficiency (46.38-61.24). The food supplement formulated frommaize, pigeon peas and soybean supported animal growth and favorablycompared with the standard. Meaning that, the application of multiple plantprotein (peas and soybean) in the formulation of food supplement may besuitable for feeding of infants or children in developing countries to alleviate
protein energy malnutrition.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2866_9485b3f1f9334488bf409561bfc64364.pdf
2016-06-30
55
63
10.21608/jsas.2016.2866
supplemented foods
Cereal
Legumes
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ISOLATED NON-STARTER LACTIC ACID BACTERIA USED TO IMPROVE KAREISH CHEESE QUALITY
Lactobacillus caseiand Streptococcus thermophilus werehighly proteolytic activity that collected from Egypt.Streptococcusthermophilusis produced metallo-proteases while Lactobacillus casei
is produced metallo-, serine- and cysteine-proteases. The proteases ofthese isolates are classified as PIII type, which proteolyses S1-, - andg-caseins with optimal pH and temperature of 6.5-7.2 and 37 - 42°,
respectively. Unsalted Kareish cheese is manufactured by traditionalstarter [Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris(Treatment A) as a control and with goodtechnologicalcharacteristics strains [Lactobacillus casei (Treatment B) andStreptococcus thermophilus(Treatment C)] that mixed with traditionalstarter.After 21 days of cold storage (5±2°C), treatment B had thehighest acidity (2.49 %) and total solids (36.34 %). The protein contentgradually decreased during storage while there was a gradual increasein cheese soluble nitrogen content in all cheese treatments.Treatments B and C suppressed bacterial and fungal growth in cheeseduring all storage period as compared to control (Treatment A). The
sensory evaluation of cheeses showed the best acceptability oftreatment (C) as compared to other cheese treatments (B and A) at theend of storage period with total score of 92.0.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2869_89f197761169cb6f8122980541fb1763.pdf
2016-06-30
64
82
10.21608/jsas.2016.2869
kareish cheese
LAB
proteolytic activity
keeping quality
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
MAXIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION AND STABILITY OF RENNIN DURING PREPARATION AND STORAGE OF LIQUID RENNET
The objective of the present study was to maximize production ofrennin units (RU) from calf vells and to study impact of clarification andstorage on the final yield of RU. In this respect, three extracting solutions A, Band C were used. Solution A consisted of 3% boric acid, 7% sodium chloride,0.3% calcium chloride and 0.3% sodium benzoate (pH 5.2-5.3), solution Bconsisted of 2% boric acid, 10% sodium chloride and 0.2% sodium benzoate(pH 6.4-6.5) whereas solution C consisted of 4 % boric acid and 0.2%sodiumbenzoate (pH 4.6).Extraction was carried out twice during ten days of soaking.The attained results revealed that the total RU/g of 206.32 RU/g was obtainedwhen solution A was used before clarification which gave the total RU/g of310.78 after clarification. Milk clotting activity (MCA) was the highest whensolutions A was used (pH 5.2-5.3) whereas the minimum values were at pH6.4-6.5 (solution B). The opposite was recorded with respect to proteolticactivity (PA). On the other hand, the total loss of RU due to clarification wasthe maximum in case of solution B (3.13%), whereas the minimum one(2.90%) was in case of solution A. Storage period had a pronounced effect on
the loss of RU being the maximum effect was recorded when solution B wasused. Much higher losses were recorded with all extracting solutions whenrennen extract was stored at room temperatures.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2871_7f8832c4a387457d0e2905cbdcec8567.pdf
2016-06-30
83
90
10.21608/jsas.2016.2871
Rennin
Different extracting solutions
Storage
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY LOSSES IN FRIESIAN COWS RAISED UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITIONS
A total of 1,486 records for dairy Friesian cows from 2007–2015 wereanalyzed to investigation the factors associated with pregnancy losses orabortion raised under Egyptian conditions. The overall incidence of pregnancylosses was 9.89% in this study. The results showed that the cow age at theconceived insemination in Friesian cows having≤16 and ≥ 96.1 months ofage was significantly (P<0.01) associated with high incidence of pregnancylosses compared with that having 16.1 to 96 months. Also, extreme bodyweight at the conceived service was related to pregnancy losses, cows having≤400 and ≥600 kg of live body weight showed higher percent (P<0.01) ofpregnancy losses (13.51 and 20.59%) compared to7.94 and 8.69% in cowsweighted 401 to 499 and 500 to 599 kg respectively. The cow's parity was
significantly (P<0.01) associated with incidence ofpregnancy losses, cowshad 4th, 5thand ≥6 parities were higher than that of 1st, 2nd and 3rd parities.Summer season recorded highest incidence of pregnancy losses compared to
the other seasons. In addition, pregnancy losses was higher (P<0.01) in cowshad high milk yield
(≥20 kg daily milkdaily) than cows inlow and moderatemilk yield (≤6 to 15~20 kg daily milk daily) respectively. Nutrition system-1showed significantly higher (P<0.01) association with the incidence of
pregnancy loss compared to nutrition system-2. Either somatic cell count(SCC) or mastitis infection at insemination in Friesian cows were significantly(P<0.01) high associated with incidence of pregnancy losses in cows having
>400,000 SCC\ml of milk than that having≤ 200 and ≤ 400000 SCC\ml ofmilk.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2874_013aeaba320ef51265f06e07128be4a9.pdf
2016-06-30
91
104
10.21608/jsas.2016.2874
Friesian cows
pregnancy loss
Age
parity
milk yield
mastitis
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF LEVEL OF MILK PRODUCTION ON PROFITABILITY IN LACTATING EGYPTIAN BUFFALOES
A total of 1012 lactation records of 426 Egyptian buffalo cows mated by118 sires maintained at Mahallet MousaExperimental farms of AnimalProduction Research Institute (APRI), were analyzed to estimate the economic
value of some productive and reproductive traits under different levels of milkproduction from year 2000 to 2012. Traits studied were total milk yield (TMY,kg), lactation period (LP, day), dry period (DP, day), days open (DO, day) andcalving interval (CI, day). Data divided into three levels of milk production: L1(low level), L2 (medium level) and L3 (high level). The average of TMY, LP, DP,DO and CI in the three levels of milk production were 990 kg, 191.75 d, 262.87d, 136.64 d and 454.63 d, respectively in the L1, 1662 kg, 202.05 d, 253.48 d,138.57 d and 455.77 d, respectively in the L2 and 2228 kg, 206.06 d, 246.53 d,135.56 d and 452.59 d, respectively in the L3. Least squares analysis ofvariance showed a significant (P<0.05 and P<0.01) effect of all factors on alltraits studied except the effect of level of milk production on dry period, daysopen and calving interval was non-significant. Economic evaluations indicatedthat the annual variable cost were (EGP) (Egyptian pound= 0.11 USD and =0.09 EUR) 6980, 8860 and 10038 of L1, L2 and L3, respectively. However, theannual gross margin of L3 was higher than that of L2 and L1 by 79.55 % and276.94 %, respectively, and the benefit /cost ratio was 1.11, 1.19 and 1.29 forL1, L2 and L3, respectively. The profit per buffalo cow during the lifetime
production of L3 was 88.56% (5342 EGP) and 349.92 % (8846 EGP) more thanof L2 and L1, respectively. The present results indicated that high milkproducers buffaloes (L3) with longer lactation period but shorter dry period,days open and calving interval are more profitable than those have shorterlactation period and longer dry period, days open and calving interval.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2876_4d3ce32d2af723309ebcf4ab54613bb4.pdf
2016-06-30
105
114
10.21608/jsas.2016.2876
benefit/cost ratio
Gross margin
milk levels
economic traits
Buffalo
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF THREE RABBIT GENOTYPES UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITIONS
This study was conducted for evaluation of three rabbit genotypesunder Egyptian condition. First, Animal Production Research Institute(APRI), second, New-Zealand White (NZW), and third, Baladi Black (BB).Rabbits in all breeds were kept under similar managerial system andenvironmental conditions. Results showed that total litter size and alive born
were higher (P<0.05) in APRI than in NZW and BB rabbit. Mean weight ofpup at birth in APRI and NZW was higher (P<0.05) than BB rabbits, being51.37 and 51.42 vs. 48.22g, respectively. Weight at weaning of APRI andNZW exceed (P<0.05) than of BB (506.8 and 502.4 vs 447.014g,respectively). The viability rate at birth was lower (P<0.05) in APRI rabbitthan NZW and BB, while at 12 days was lower than in NZW, followed by BBrabbit. At weaning, the viability rate was higher (P<0.05) in APRI and NZWthan in BB (75.43 and 78.38 vs 69.05%, respectively). Litter size at birthwas higher (P <0.05) for does having 10 teats (8.69) than in those with 8and 6 teats (6.61 and 5.25), while does having 8 teats showed higher (P<0.05) either size than these with 6 teats. Kit birth weight was higher (P<0.05) for does having 6 teats (53g) than in those with 8 and 10 teats (50and 47g), respectively. Milk yield from BB rabbits was significantly more(113.8g) than from APRI (98.68g) and NZW (91.15g). Milk yield for doeshaving 10 teats was significantly (106.29g) more than does having 8(98.64g) and 6 teats (95.69g). Percentage, of fat and total solid (TS) in milkwas higher (P<0.05) in APRI (16.85% and 36.89%), NZW (15.96% and36.15%) than in BB (14.17% and 33.32%), respectively. The percentage of
protein was higher (P<0.05) in APRI rabbit (15.88%) than other breedfollowed by NZW (15.28%) and BB (14.14%).
Does rabbit having purple vulva color showed highest (P<0.05)conception rate as compared as other vulva colors. White vulva colorshowed lower (P<0.05) litter size than other vulva color, while no significantdifferences between purple and red (7.75 and 8.01) were observed, but itwas higher (P<0.05) than in does with vulva pink (7.23). Gestation period(day) in BB rabbit was higher (P<0.05) with white vulva color than pink, redand purple (32.61, 31.76, 31.64 and 31.60), respectively.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2877_d0e69d99443b2afa5231ed3a3750612b.pdf
2016-06-30
115
128
10.21608/jsas.2016.2877
Rabbit
litter size
litter weight
vulva color
teat numbers
conception rate
milk production
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF OPTEIGEN AS A REPLACER TO SOYBEAN ON THE STEERS'PERFORMANCE
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using Opitgen feedadditives as a replacer to soybean meal in the diet of fattening Holistiencalves. Fifteen Holistien calves with an average initial weight 260.26±13.25kgand aged seven month were divided into three groups (five in each) based oninitial body weight and age. Calves were housed under open sheds. Calves inthe first group were fed the control ration (without additives) while the steers inthe second and third groups were fed the control ration with addition 75 or 100gm. of Optigen II (Alltech, Lexington, KY)as a replacer to 0.421 kg of soybeanmeal which is represented of 1.35 % on dry matter basis (Opt. 75)or100 gmOptigen II(Alltech, Lexington, KY)as a replacer to 0.558 kg of soybean mealwhich is represented of 1.84 % on dry matter basis (Opt. 100) for 105 days.
Dry matter intake, nutrients apparent digestibility, rumen activity, growthperformance and economic efficiency were determined.The results showed that dry matter intake, organic matter, crudeprotein, ether extract and crude fiber as well as total digestible nutrients anddigestible crude protein were not affected by the different experimental
diets.The animals in G2 (Opt.75) had the highest digestibility coefficients of allnutrients followed by animals in G3 (opt. 100), while the control group had thelowest values. The nutritive values expressed as TDN or DCP for animals in
G2 (Opt. 75) and G3 (Opt. 100) were slightly higher (P> 0.05) compared withthe control group. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in pH valueamong the different experimental group during the trial, the pHvalues are
within the normal range. But there were significantly (p<0.05) differencesamong the different groups concerning ruminal ammonia-N concentration(NH3-N whereas the G3 (100 g Opt.) recorded the highest NH3-Nconcentration which were 7.13, 8.03 and 9.56 mg/100 ml rumen liquor for G1,G2 and G3, respectively. The concentration of TVF`s in the rumen liquor ofanimals in group II supplemented with optigen (75 g Opt.) was highersignificantly (p<0.05) compared with the other groups. The average daily gainfor G1, G2 and G3 were 1.35, 1.39 and 1.25 kg/day, respectively. Calves in
G2 recorded the highest value of average daily gain compared to the othergroups. Also, the animal in G2 (75 g Opt.) recorded the better value of feedconversion compared to the other groups, it improved by 5.21 and 14.04%
compared with the control and G3, respectively). The best economicefficiency was recorded by the G2 while the lowest economic efficiency wasrecorded by the G3 while, the control group had the intermediate value.
Finally it can be recommended that the supplementation of optigen at level 75gm/ day (1.35% on DM basis) in the diets of Holistien calves.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2878_caad33daf0cb9efc3e9c7f2906d24b91.pdf
2016-06-30
129
143
10.21608/jsas.2016.2878
soybean meal
optigen
digestibility
rumen fermentation
slow release urea
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
COMBINED EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND BIOFERTILIZER ON HERB YIELD AND ESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCTION OF ORIGANUM VULGARE L. PLANTS UNDER SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS
This study was carried out onOriganum vulgare L. plant during the twosuccessive seasons of 2013 and 2014, at the Experimental Station ofMedicinal and Aromatic Plants of Sekem Company, Belbis desert- ELSharkiya, Egypt. The aim of this research was to study the effect of thecombination between compost, biofertilizer and algae extract on the growth,
productivity and essential oil production ofOriganum vulgare L. plants. Theorganic fertilization of Sekem compost was added at rates of 5, 10 and15m3/fed. A mixture of equal percentages of five strains of bacteria namely,
Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum (as nitrogen fixing bacteria),Bacillus polymixa
, Bacillus megatherium and Pseudomonas fluorescence (asphosphate solubilizing bacteria) was used as a source of biofertlizer. Thebiofertilizer a mixture at concentration of 1x108 ml was obtained fromSekem Co, Egypt. Algae extract was obtained from Algae Production Unit atthe National Research Centre. It was an extract of the algae
Spirulinaplatensis. The results showed that, the highest significant increment forgrowth and yield characters was resulted from the treatment of algae extract +biofertilizer + 15m3 compost this combination treatment resulted in the highestmean value of oil yield (ml/ plant). As general the main chemical constituentsof oregano essential oil were carvacrol, p-cymene, ç-terpinene,α-thujene, α-myrcene,α-terpinene, o-cymene, carvacrol methyl ether andcaryophyllene.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2879_146d41563c8ba1227b1d73f274a8ff1a.pdf
2016-06-30
144
159
10.21608/jsas.2016.2879
oregano
Origanum vulgare
Algae extract
compost
yield
biofertilization
Volatile oil
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF RESIDUAL AND STRAW FOR THREE PRECEDING CROPS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN FERTILIZER LEVELS
Two field experiments were conducted at Etay El-Baroud ExperimentalStation in El-Beheira Governorate, during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons,to investigate the effect of maize, soybean and sunflower as preceding crops
and their residual effects, as well as the effect of some straw treatments ongrowth yield and its components of wheat CV. Sakha 94) under three rates ofnitrogen fertilizer, i. e, 50, 70 and 90 kg/fed. The results of this investigation
could be summarized as follows:1-The results indicated that all studied characters of wheat were significantlyaffected by the preceding summer crops except, plant height, number ofspikes/m2, grain weight/spike and 1000 kernel weight which did not affectedby the preceding crops. The data showed that sunflower as a preceding cropleft good residual effect on wheat plant which gave the highest values for allstudied characters.2-With respect to straw treatments of the preceding summer crops, the resultsshowed that the differences between these treatments had significant effect
on each of number of spikes/plant, grain yield/plant; grains weight/m2 andgrain yield/fed. The date showed that hopping and scouring straw of thepreceding crop into soil did not improve yield and its components of wheatcompared to that of without chopping and scouring (control).3-Only each of grain yield/plant, grains weight/m2 and grain yield/fed. as well
as straw yield/fed. were significantly affected by nitrogen fertilizer levels, andwheat plant, gave the highest values of yield/plant, grains weight/m2 and grainyield/fed. when plants fertilized by 70 kg nitrogen /fed. while, straw yield
showed the highest value when wheat plants fertilizer by 90 kg nitrogen/fed..4-The results indicated that the interaction between preceding crops andstraw treatments had significant effect on each of number of spikes/plant,yield/m
2, grain yield/plant and grain yield/fed., interaction between precedingcrops and fertilizer levels had significant effect, on grain yield/plant and grainyield/fed. on the other hand, the interaction between straw and fertilizer levels
showed significant effect on number of spikes/plant while, the interactionbetween preceding crops, straw treatments and nitrogen fertilizer levelsaffected significantly on 1000 kernel weight.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2880_740b840cbbe289f7c3be30fd4a174f05.pdf
2016-06-30
160
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10.21608/jsas.2016.2880
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF PLANTING METHODS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER RATES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
The present study was carried out in the two seasons of 2014 and2015 at the Edffina Experimental Farm of Production Sector, AgriculturalResearch Center, Edco, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The main objectiveof this study was to identify the effect of nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kgN ha-1). on growth and production of Giza 179 and Sakha 104 rice cultivarsunder two sowing methods (Transplanting and broadcasting). Twoexperiments were laid out in split plot design based on RCBD in fourreplications in each sowing methods. Main plots were assigned to ricecultivars and the sub-plots to nitrogen rates. A combined analysis was usedbetween sowing methods in each season. The results obtained show thatapplication of transplanting method significantly increased number of paniclem-2, number of filled grains per panicle-1, number of unfilled spikelets panicle-1,1000-grain weight, grain yield and straw yield compared with broadcastingmethod in both seasons. The cultivar Giza 179 surpassed Sakha 104 numberof panicle m
-2, number of filled grains per panicle-1 and grain yield. While thelater recorded the higher values of 1000-grain weight, number of unfilledspikelets panicle
-1 and straw yield in the two seasons. Increasing nitrogen rateup to 150 kg N ha-1 significantly increased number of panicle m
-2, number offilled grains per panicle
-1, number of unfilled spikelets panicle-1, grain yield andstraw yield. Except 1000-grain weight, all the mentioned traites were graduallydecreased by each increased of nitrogen fertilizer in both seasons. Theinverse was true in 1000-grain weight. The highest grain yield was obtainedfrom adding 150 or 100 kg N ha
-1 to the rice cultivar Giza 179 sown bytransplanting method in the two seasons. It can be concluded thattransplanting of Giza 179 received 100 kg N ha
-1 could be recommended foroptimum grain yield under these conditions.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2882_b4e4862e5cbaf9adf2bfc2491294882a.pdf
2016-06-30
173
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10.21608/jsas.2016.2882
rice
planting methods
nitrogen fertilizer
cultivars
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SEEDING RATES AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER LEVELS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF TWO NEW FLAX CULTIVARS
Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental farm ofSakha Agricultural Research station during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015seasons to study the effect of seeding rates and nitrogen fertilizer levels ontwo new flax cultivars. The experimental design was split-split plot with fourreplications. The three seeding rates (50, 60 and 70kg/fed) were distributed inmain plot, three nitrogen levels (30, 45and 60kg fed)were allocated in sub plotand new flax cultivars(Giza11 and Giza12) were distributed in sub sub plots.The results revealed significant differences among three seeding
rates on straw yield and its components as well as fiber yield and its relatedcharacters. Increasing seeding rate from 50 to 70 kg /fed. increased technicallength, straw yield/plant as well as per feddan, fiber length, fiber percentageand fiber yield/plant as well as per feddan. Increasing seeding rate decreasednumber of capsules/plant, number of seeds/plant, seed index, seed yield/plantas well as per feddan, whereas thee effect was insignificant in oil percentage.The seeding rate of 60 kg/fed.. gave higher seed yield and its component.Increasing nitrogen level from 30 to 60 kg/fed significantly increasedtechnical length, straw yield/plant, straw yield/fed, fiber length, fiberpercentage, fiber yield/plant as well as per feddan. The differences between45 and 60 kg N/fed did not reach the level of significant. Increasing nitrogenlevel from 30 to 60 kg N/fed significantly increased fruiting zone length,number of capsules/plant. Adding 45kg N/fed resulted in the highest values ofseed yield and its components. The results revealed that Giza12 cv., wassuperior than Giza 11 cv., in technical length, straw yield /plant, strawield/fed, fiber length, fiber percentage, fiber yield/plant and fiber yield/fed.
While Giza 11 cv. was superior than Giza 11 cv., in fruiting zone length,number of capsules/plant, number of seeds /plant, seed yield/plant and seedindex. The interaction between seeding rate x nitrogen level was significant instem diameter, straw yield/fed, fruiting zone length, no of capsule/plant, seedindex and fiber yield./plant.The interaction between seeding rate and cultivar was significant intechnical length, straw yield/fed., fruiting zone length, number ofcapsules/plant, seed yield/plant and seed index. Also, the interaction betweennitrogen level and cultivars was significant in technical length, stem diameter,straw yield/plant as well as per feddan, fruiting zone length, number ofcapsules/plant, seed yield/plant and seed index.The interaction between seeding rate x nitrogen level x cultivar wassignificant in technical length, straw yield/fed., fruiting zone length, no. ofcapsules/plant, seed yield/fed seed yield/plant, fiber length and fiber yield/fed.
From the results and under the conditions of this study, it could be concludedthat for producing the highest straw and fiber yield, it can be recommended byusing Giza 12 cv., at seeding rate of 60 kg seeds/fed, 45 kg N/fed while for
high seed yield used Giza11cv, 60 kg seeds/fed. + 45 kg N /fed.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2884_d4afa920bb91200aa1c10eb050fa6dba.pdf
2016-06-30
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10.21608/jsas.2016.2884
Flax
seeding rate
nitrogen fertilizer
cultivars
yield
yield components
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATING ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF VOLATILE OILS EXTRACTED FROM ANISE, FENNEL AND SPEARMINT PLANTS
Essential oils of the three Aromatic plants growing in Egypt; anise(Pimpinella anisum), fennel (Foeniculumvulgare), and spearmint (Menthaspicata) as natural products were examined concerning their chemicalconstituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Essential oils wereextracted by hydro-distillation method and were analyzed using Gaschromatography/mass spectrometry technique. GC/MS analysis of theessential oils revealed the percentage of major/main components in eachvolatile oil, which was greatly different among all examined oils. Antioxidantactivities of the essential oils were evaluated using the DPPH radicalscavenging assays. Essential oil of Spearmint was more effective antioxidantthan those of fennel and anise. Antimicrobial activities of each oil were tested
against some pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli enterotoxigenic andStenotrophomonas maltophilia) and non-pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus
lichneformis, Escherichia coli JM109, E. coli JM109 DE3, E. coli JM109 DE3BL21 PLsS) as indicator strains
. All tested were used at four differentconcentrations (50, 100, 200 and 500 μl/ml) using agar dilution method. The
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each volatile oil was determined.The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed against the test organisms bydisc diffusion method. All tested essential oils were used at concentrations of
70μl/well (diameter 6 mm) in Muller Hinton agar medium. Results showed thatall tested essential oils exhibited markedly antibacterial effect against alltested organisms except forP. aeruginosa which was not affected by volatileoils from anise and fennel. Spearmint oil showing the highest inhibitoryactivity, it was observed for all tested concentrations, while anise oil wasinhibitory against six bacterial members and fennel oil demonstrated thelowest inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. However,Stenotrophomonasmaltophiliashowed less sensitivity towards essential oil extracts. Present dataunderpin the great potential of anise, fennel and spearmint essential oils as
biological weapons against various bacterial pathogens from Gram-negativeand Gram-positive bacteria.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2885_db6012d67ba5ac5f013f34f8e518e9d0.pdf
2016-06-30
196
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10.21608/jsas.2016.2885
Essential oils
Fennel
anise
Spearmint
Antioxidant activity
antimicrobial activity
microorganisms
GC-MS
trans-anethole
fenchone
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZATION PROGRAMS FOR "WASHINGTON NAVEL" ORANGE TREES IN SANDY SOIL UNDER DESERT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. 1- EFFECT ON SOIL PROPERTIES, VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD
This study was carried out during the two successive growingseasons of 2013 and 2014 on seven years old "Washington Navel'' orangetrees budded on Volkamer lemon grown at a commercial orchard near El-Nubaria city, Beheira Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the effect of differentkinds of fertilizers with using the organic and bio-fertilization partially instead
of completed mineral fertilizers as applied at 33.33 to 100 % out of therecommended NPK rate. Organic fertilizers (compost) with three natural rocks(rock phosphate , feldspar and mixed mineral ore) were applied with orwithout bio-fertilizers (Azospirillum lipoferum for N, Bacillus megaterium for PandBacillus circulans for K) at 25g/tree on soil properties, vegetative growthand fruit yield under three different irrigation levels (1- Actual irrigation
practiced in the orchard (control) 100%, 2- Irrigation at 75% of control and 3-Irrigation at 50% of control) in sandy soil under drip irrigation system. Theresults indicated that use of moderate irrigation (2919.34 - 3157.88m3/fed./year) and the fertilization program/fed./year (33.33% mineral NPK +33.33% organic NPK + 33.33% mixed mineral ore + bio-fertilizer NPK)followed by (50% organic NPK + 50% mixed mineral ore + bio-fertilizers NPK)exhibited decrease in pH and increased (EC, O.M., available macronutrients(NPK), soil microorganisms content and dehydrogenase activity) and improvemost of vegetative growth parameters particularly trunk cross-sectional area(TCSA), canopy volume (CV), number of shoots, average shoot length, averageshoots diameter and number of leaves/shoot at the spring growth cycle, leaf area,leaf dry weight and specific leaf weight in both seasons and achieving the best fruityield with its components as number of fruits/tree, kg/tree, ton/fed. and yieldefficiency (YE). While the deficit irrigation treatment (level 3) with the samefertilization program resulted in an increase field water use efficiency (FWUE)and water productivity (WP). Therefore, both two programs are recommended fororange farmers to save about 25% of irrigation water and replaced about
66.66% of chemical fertilizers by others of natural source and safe for humanand environment without any negative responses on soil properties,vegetative growth and yield assuring higher profit for "Washington Navel"orange trees growers under conditions of this study.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2886_8b5c7a2260cc4c481e224507a5af338a.pdf
2016-06-30
210
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10.21608/jsas.2016.2886
Washington Navel orange
irrigation levels
organic fertilizers
Natural rocks
Bio-fertilizers
soil properties
Vegetative growth
yield
water use efficiency
water productivity
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Impact of Agricultural Extension Fields on Farmers' Knowledge about Bio-fertilizers in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate
This study aimed mainly to assess the impact of agricultural extension fieldson farmers' knowledge about bio-fertilizers in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate byidentifying the level of respondents' knowledge about bio-fertilizers; identifying the
level of knowledge about bio-fertilizers for extension field owners, extension fieldneighborhood's farmers, and the control group farmers; and identifying theopinions of respondents in the technician conditions of extension fields. This study
carried out in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, and Kafr El-Sheikh district wasrandomly selected. An experimental design was planned and implemented; thedesign included forty extension fields in four villages. The design included three
different groups, mainly, owners of the extension fields (40 farmers), extensionfield neighborhood's farmers on both sides (80 farmers), and one control group of40 farmers. A total sample of 160 farmers was selected. The subject-Matter of the
experimental designs was the four bio-fertilizers of Bluegreen, Phosphorine,Cerealine, and Biohumine. Data were collected after harvesting the extensionfarms. Data were collected by personal interview questionnaire with trainedinterviewers
. Collected data were coded and analyzed using the SPSS package.Frequencies, percentages, mean, and "F" test were calculated.The main findings of the study could be summarized as follows:1- The mode of respondents response regard to the four studied bio-fertilizers ofBluegreen, Phosphorine, Cerealine, and Biohumine was in the category of
medium level of knowledge with ratio of 53,8%, 56,9%, 62,5%, 45%; respectively.2- The mode of extension field's owners was in the category of high level ofknowledge about bio-fertilizers; the mode of extension field neighborhood's
farmers was in the category of medium level of knowledge about bio-fertilizers,and the mode of control group's farmers was in the category of low level ofknowledge about bio-fertilizers.3-There were significant differences at the 0, 01 level between means ofknowledge about the four studied bio-fertilizers for extension field's owners,extension field neighborhood's farmers, and control group's farmers. Mean scoreswere highest for extension field's owners, followed by extension fieldneighborhood's farmers, and the control group's farmers.4-The vast majority of respondents (92%) saw that the technician conditions ofextension fields founded at moderate and high level.5-The mode of respondents response regard to the technician conditions items ofextension fields was in the category of the answer with "Yes".
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2888_30f606f20c6eef9af5cb73c5ecb8f1da.pdf
2016-06-30
234
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10.21608/jsas.2016.2888
Extension fields–Bio-Fertilizers–supervised practice methods–
Kafr El-Sheikh
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
RURAL WOMEN'S PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES PHENOMENEN IN GHARBIA GOVERNORATE
People everywhere experience changes and events that impact theirlives. Knowing how they perceive, react, and adapt to climate changes andevents is helpful in developing strategies to support adaptation to climatechange. This study aimed mainly to identifying the level of the perception ofrural women to climate changes in Gharbia governorate; assess the
relationships between the studied independent variables and the level of theperception of rural women to climate hanges; and determine the contributionof the independent variables of the study in explaining the variance of thelevel of the perception of rural women to climate changes. This study carriedout at four districts in Gharbia governorate which are Mahalla Al-kubra, KafEl-Zayat, Qutour, and Santa. One village was selected randomly from eachdistrict which are El-Segaiya, Edshay, Meet El-Sheikh, and Meet Ghazal,respectively. Field work included the selection of a sample of 120 rural
women, 30 from each village. Random samples of 113 rural women werechosen which represents 94% of the target sample.Data were collected from sample persons by personal interviewquestionnaire. Collected data were coded and analyzed using the SPSSpackage. Frequencies, percentages, means, Person correlation coefficient,Alpha, and multiple linear regression (step wise) techniques were used fordata analysis and presentation.The main findings of the study could be summarized as follows:1- About 89.4% of respondents have low level of perception of climatechanges, 10.6% of them have medium level of perception of climate changes.2- There were significant bivariate relationships between education level,professional status, number of sources of information, media exposure,informal social participation, mental lasticity, leadership self-esteem and thelevel of the perception of rural women to climate changes; while there were no
significant bivariate relationships between age, family size, family income,family home level and the level of the perception of rural women to climatechanges.3- The independent variables of the study combined explained about 26,4% ofhe variance of the level of the perception of rural women to climate changes.The two independent variables of professional status, and number of sourcesof information together explained 19% of the variance of the level of theperception of rural women to climate changes.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2891_eb0d0c6d0ca726de6450896b40fc1024.pdf
2016-06-30
252
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10.21608/jsas.2016.2891
perception – climate changes – rural women – adaptation
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION NEEDS OF RABBIT BREEDERS IN ALEXANDRIA GOVERNORATE
This research aims at identifying the extension needs of rabbitbreeders in Alexandria. Alexandria was selected because it is a majorgovernorate in rabbits' production and comes in the second place across thecountry in terms of number of rabbit farms. Data was collected throughinterview questionnaire of random sample of rabbit breeders n= 57. Means,
repetitive charts, percentage, Pearson correlation and multiple regressionwere used for statistical analysis.The results showed that 70,18% of the respondents had high andmedium extension needs in rabbit breeding field. A significant positive relationwas found between the breeders' extension needs and; the quantity of rabbitsand rabbit mean weight upon sale P=0,01. Also a negative relation was foundbetween the dependent variable and; number of education years, full timework at the farm and total annual income P= 0,05. The relation between thedependent variable and; years of experience in rabbit breeding field,agriculture information source, degree of exposure to extension activities and
methods, utilizing extension exposure P= 0,01 was a negative significant one.The following independent variables were found of significant impact at P=0,01: the ability to change, years of experience in rabbit breeding field,number of rabbits, sources of agricultural information, based of t values; -4,228, -3,467, 2,741 and 2,625 respectively. Also the following variables;mean rabbit weight at sale, degree of exposure to extension activities andmethods based on t values -1,480, -1,185 and -1,127 respectively at P= 0,05were of significant impact. These variables also account for about 76% of the
changes in extension needs of rabbit breeders based on R2 = 0,756. Themajor problems facing rabbit breeders were; increase in feed price, artificialfeed lack of quality, lack of technology, lack of good references in rabbitproduction field, bad condition of cooling systems, lack of continuous rabbitmarket and lack of head resisting breeds.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2893_bd9bcd47097b2bac4bb81e9a19469429.pdf
2016-06-30
267
278
10.21608/jsas.2016.2893
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
AANALYTICAL STUDY OF FAMILY VALUE OF RURAL WOMEN IN NAWAG VILLAGE, GARBIA GOVERNORATE
This Study aimed basically to invistigata the Family Values of ruralWomen through Five Sub-goals are to idemtify the level of mainting therespondents on the Five Studied Family Values, (interual marriage,early marriage, having boys, consultation in the Family, privacy andWhole Family Values), to Study the relations between each Studiedindependent Variable and the level of maintaining the respondents onFamily Values of each Five Studied types, as Well Whole Family
Values, to determinp the relationship between all studied independentvariables and the level of maintaining the respondents onstudied Familyvalues, and finally to determine the degree of each variable ininterpretation the variance of the respondents maintaing level onstudied family values.To achieve those objectives, Nawag village, Gharbia governorate hadbeen selected with respondents of 320 samples, The date werecollected interview using application that had been designed, assessed,tested and prepared in its final form for this Purpose, As well,Proportional and numerical frecuancies, Weighted mean, PearsonCoefficient and Standard Partial vegression Coefficient had been usedin analyzing data.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2895_eb0fdc8de994983f270dc40fa97ac0d5.pdf
2016-06-30
279
296
10.21608/jsas.2016.2895
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
STUDY THE REALITY OF USAGES OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN THEAGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN SUGAR BEET AREA OF ALEXANDRIA GOVERNORATE
The study aims to recognize the reality of the usages of information andcommunication technology in the agricultural cooperatives in sugar beet areain Alexandria Governorate, and get to know some personal, economic,communicative and social characteristics, and to identify the obstacles facedby farmers and suggestions to solve them.The study included a sample of (60) respondents represented all memberboards of cooperatives representing about 40% of the total number of
member boards of cooperative societies in Sugar Beet area, Data werecollected by personal interviews during May 2016, using a personalquestionnaire, It has been used a number of statistical methods appropriate tothe nature of data collected and the goals of the study. Where they used thepercentages, duplicates, arithmetic average of the description and
comparison of the respondents.Following the summary of the most important finding:-The results show that respondents from the middle age group increased by45%, it turns out that the vast majority of the respondents were married
(88.33%), as it turns out that (78.33%) of respondents graduates fromuniversity, The results also showed that most respondents with averagefamily of 5-8 members, the most important sources of agriculturalinformation that respondents exposed are: input dealers, relations andneighbors, then the agricultural television programs, and then extensionofficers.
-The results show that majority of respondents (80%) use the Internet, It wasclear from the results that the reasons due to non-use of respondents toInternet are the lack of ownership of computers, they haven't a modernmobile telephone, they haven't knowledge of usage Internet, and the highfinancial cost.-The results show that the most important obstacles facing the respondentsare: the shortage of numbers of PC inside associations, sluggish ofInternet, the publicadministration for agricultural cooperation not care ofInternet services, and also the results showed that the most proposedsolutions of respondents are: preparation of training courses for membersboard of agricultural cooperatives in the areas of information andcommunication technology, creating of electronic networks withgovernment, agricultural research and extension to solve societiesproblems, and strengthen the mobile networks and the Internet to ruralareas.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2898_db8f1f0a36f74e212972d43d729aba68.pdf
2016-06-30
297
317
10.21608/jsas.2016.2898
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
DETERMINANTS OF PERFORMANCE OF THE AGRICULTURAL CO- OPERATIVES ASSOCIATIONS FOR THEIR AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ROLE IN ELBEHERAH GOVERNORATE
This research aims mainly to identify determinants of performance ofthe agricultural co- operative associations for their agricultural extensionrole in Elbeherah governorate. To achieve this objective it was selectedseven administrative districts by simple random manner, from thesedistricts it was selected sixty multipurpose agricultural cooperativeassociations randomly by the same way too, they were represented to 20%of total multi-purpose agricultural co- operative associations existing in thedistricts selected. Thus, the sample size was amounted to 120respondents. Data were collected from managers and Chairman of theBoard of Directors (CBDs) of selected co-operative associations during the
months of January and February 2016 by using personal interviewquestionnaire. Frequency, Percentages, arithmetic mean, standarddeviation, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient (r), multiple correlationcoefficients (R), Multiple Correlation and Regression Step- Wise and t-Testwere used as statistical tools to explain and interpret the results
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2900_3379eda869012bf18133bd9ccecd459f.pdf
2016-06-30
318
335
10.21608/jsas.2016.2900
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
DESERT BACK DEVELOPMENT USING GROUNDWATER IN ALEXANDRIA GOVERNORATE
From the Ancient time, Egypt suffers of the strong relation with theValley and the Delta of Nile. However, contention population growth and thestability of the agricultural area or fluctuating around about 9 million feddans
after it was approximately 8.95 million feddans in 2013 and becameapproximately 9.27 million feddans in 2016, and with the repetition of theinvitation to out of the valley, it was important to support this invitations withsome of the basics, such as paving roads and building villages residentialbuildings and the division of the land and reclaims it for agriculture, and
establish agricultural associations, clinics, schools, etc., so the research aimsmainly adding new land in desert back of governorates to using groundwaterirrigation, the research idea originated from the graduates villages of Nubaria
scattered in the area that transformed the desert street to a new green street,This is due to the perseverance and contribution of the graduates and thedisplaced farmers from the behira villages. This perspective has been put
some cropping compositions and various divisions of fruit trees, each on 5feddans as an agriculture model. The research output has been found someapplied recommendations such as:1. Road Graders, reclaims the land as much as possible, then divide them to5 feddans , drilling wells each enough to 20 feddans for each 4 models,processing lift pumps and solar panels needed, establish villages andclinics and schools to receive eligible graduates and able to contribute to
the development and the desert, and establish agricultural associations tomonitor the private investment development operations in the desert back,
2. Reclaiming cultivation attention, especially a food security and strategiccrop (wheat), where the production could increase by about 483.5thousand tons per year, the cultivation of alfalfa production may increaseby about 4.3 million tons per year and hay by about 518 thousand tons peryear in case of implementation models proposed,
3. the cultivation of peanuts, watermelons, tomatoes, potatoes as export andmonetary crops, the production may increase by about 0.26, 2.57,1.65,and 1.33 million tons per year for each of them in case ofimplementation of the proposed models,4. Further, fruit mentioned in the Koran, such as figs, olives, pomegranates,dates, and grape types, Egypt's production may increase by about 350,328, 1.19, 483, 398 tons per year.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2903_855103e7c1c4b1eed111a16b91058194.pdf
2016-06-30
336
352
10.21608/jsas.2016.2903
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
DETERMINANTS AND DEVELOPMENT OF FISHFARMING ACTIVITIES IN ALEXANDRIAGOVERNORATE
The Egyptian Fish farming consider as one of the important method ofincreasing the domestic fish output due to relative increase of it output yearafter year. According to the period (2205-2013) the average annual local fishoutput was about 1.26 million tons, while the domestic consumption reachedabout 1.46 million tons with fish gab about 209 thousand tons or about 86%self-sufficient rate. This situation creates a deficit of Egyptian balance ofpayment which led to shortage in foreign currency.Objectives of the study:the study is preformed to focus on five objectives such as:1- importance of the investment in the fish farming activity.2- Identify the descriptive statistics of variables used to study of technical and
economic feasibility to guide investors which they desiring to inter the field.3-cost of constructing, management and operating a fish farm.4- expected net of the fish farm.5- financial analysis of the fish farm.Results of the study:
The results of the economic analysis of establishing a fish farm witharea of 10 faddan indicate that: (1) the internal rate of return (IRR) will be42.2% which is more than the interest rate 16% by about 26.2%. (2) Theinternal rate of net win is more sensitive to lower revenues than to the uppercost. (3) Fish farming is a profitable industry and provides income,
employment and nutritional benefits to fishermen.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2906_24e0d977c8a0bff05dbc3db8a150c6ea.pdf
2016-06-30
353
363
10.21608/jsas.2016.2906
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
FODDER USAGE EFFICIENCY ESTIMATE OF BUFFALOCALVES FATTING IN ALEXANDRIA GOVERNORATESTABLES
The research going to courage calves growth to be buffalo andactivate buffalo grow projects to increase meat products, through, EfficiencyEstimate of concentrate and green Fodder Usage to fatting and producebuffalo meat in Alexandria Governorate Stables, So the daily growth rate ofEl'Amria and khorshid Agriculture managements reaches about 0.97, 0.99
kg/day for each sequentially, fodder transform rate as a current situation foreach of El'Amria and khorshid Agriculture managements reaches about4.03:1, 4.25:1 kg of meat, but through the best situation to reduce the cost of
production fodder transform rate reaches about 4.51:1, 4.25:1 kg of meat todecrease the quantities of green fodder from 10.06 and 12.09 kg for each oftow managements sequentially to about 9.02 and 10.5 kg of green fodder per1 kg of meat, this will reduce the fodder cost to produce 1 kg of meat fromabout 27.31 and 30.71 L.E. for each of El'Amria and khorshid Agriculturemanagements to about 26.84 and 28.6 L.E. for each sequentially.The mean of actual fodder cost in fatting stables of El'Amria andkhorshid managements reaches about 54.23 and 21.94 L.E. thousand foreach sequentially, this different because of the difference between thenumber of buffaloes mean in the stable. The fodder cost as a total of all
research sample stables for each of El'Amria and khorshid managementsreaches about 1.08 and 0.373 million L.E. sequentially.But in the best situation the fodder mean cost in fatting stables of El'Amriaand khorshid managements reaches about 51.83 and 20.01 L.E. thousand foreach sequentially. As a total of all research sample stables the fodder costreaches about 1.04 and 0.342 million L.E. for each of El'Amria and khorshidmanagements sequentially. The mean of fodder cost reduction per stablereaches about 2.39 and 1.83 thousand L.E. for each sequentially. As a total ofall research sample stables the fodder cost reduction reaches about 47.86and 31.02 thousand L.E. for each of El'Amria and khorshid managementssequentially.
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2907_d46cd28ec99b32d78969e76721ddcafd.pdf
2016-06-30
364
381
10.21608/jsas.2016.2907
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SUSTAINABILITY OF UNDP PROJECTS IN EGYPT:A CASE STUDY IN SIWA OASIS (SIWA ENVIRONMENTAL AMELIORATION PROJECT)
The main objective of this research paper was to evaluate the effectof one of the international projects in Egypt, in order to know the benefit ofsuch projects and to discover the reasons of their success or failure severalcriteria from different point of views.Siwa Environmental Amelioration Project (SEAP) was chosen as one of thefamous projects in Siwa Oasis. It worked there for two phases for 6 years inorder to set sustainable development in the oasis.The results showed that a lot of local obstacles faced the project and didn’thelp SEAP in achieving its goals. Besides, the other local NGO partner
(SCDEC) was not qualified enough to take over the projects after SEAP left.Even with the success of organic agriculture production as an innovation, theproblem of marketing killed already the idea, and small farmers couldn’t cope
with it, and it ended by cancelling the activity
https://jsas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2909_989def8b80ffc9024420843ae3b9e3ad.pdf
2016-06-30
382
393
10.21608/jsas.2016.2909
Sustainable agriculture
Innovation